Wildland fire smoke risks are not uniformly distributed across people and places, and the most vulnerable communities are often disproportionately impacted. This study develops a county level community health vulnerability index (CHVI) for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) using three major vulnerability compo- nents: adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure at the national and regional level. We first calculated sensi- tivity and adaptive capacity sub-indices using nine sensitivity and twenty adaptive capacity variables. These sub- indices were then combined with an exposure sub-index, which is based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality data (2008–2018), to develop CHVI. Finally, we conducted several analyses with the derived indices to: 1) explore associations between the level of fine particulate matter from wildland fires (fire-PM2.5) and the sub- indices/CHVI; 2) measure the impact of fire-PM2.5 on the increase in the annual number of days with 12-35 μg/